来水量增多而河道比降变小，造成局部洪峰水位异常壅高。
Increasing of water and decreasing of gradient of channels, the flood water level rose abnormally in some local sections of river.
河岸码头建筑物势必导致其上游水位壅高及对码头附近水流流态产生影响。
A dock construction built on a river bank causes naturally the water level upstream to rise and influences the local flow pattern.
冰塞洪水，大量冰花与碎冰在盖面冰下集聚，造成上游水位显著壅高的现象。
Ice jam flood: a lot of frazil ices and crushed ices gather under the covering ice, causing heading up of water level of upper reach.
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