可见到囊壁和外囊壁的环形钙化。

Presence of wall and mural calcification of the ectocyst.

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并应用有限元方法分析了冷弯弯头的应力状况，得出其最大应力发生点随着外拱处壁厚减薄量的增大而向外拱处转移。

The results of FEA method for cold-bending elbow predicted that the point of maximum stress is transferred from intrados to extrados with the increase of the wall thinning.

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对于均质连续岩体，通过模拟围岩抗力，可以仅取衬砌及其附近围岩作为分析对象，将水工压力隧洞应力分析转化为受内、外压的厚壁圆筒。

When the hydraulic pressure tunnel is pressed by water, the concrete of tunnel transfers the pressure to the surrounding rock mass, and it also is pressed by the rock reaction force at the same time.

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