煤层顶板由下而上有伪顶、直接顶和老顶（也叫基本顶）。在一般煤矿中，伪顶管理是顶板管理的重点。大多数顶板类零星事故都是来自伪顶。但是支柱或者支架选型计算必须考虑到直接顶和老顶。支架选型是顶管管理的基本。如果支架选型不够，后续一切免谈。如果选型达到要求，日常管理就要考虑伪顶了。
由于采高加大使基本顶来压更加强烈，支架的支护强度更要加大。
The increase in mining height makes the weighting of immediate roof become more violently, which requires that the support strength should increase accordingly.
研究表明，基本顶断裂线位于不同位置时，巷道围岩应力、煤柱应力及应变差异较大。
The results show that there are great differences in the stress of roadway surrounding rock, and the stress and strain in coal pillar while the fracture line of main roof locates in different places.
从而提出石圪节煤矿残留煤柱顶板岩层具有明显的薄板特征、波动特征的基本顶载荷是支架选型的关键因素及综采回收矿井残留煤柱支架选型的依据。
Thereby it can be seen that the load of Shi ge-jie mine coal pillar roof with sheet character and fluctuate character are the key factors of support selecting.
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