地球磁场的演化历史对研究地核与地幔边界的动力学和地核内的磁流体力学过程提供了重要的信息。
The history of the Earth's magnetic field provides basic information on the dynamics of core mantle boundary and core convection.
这些地幔柱显然起源于很深的地方，可能深至地核和地幔之间的边界，而且许多都已经活跃了很长时间。
The plumes apparently originate at great depths, perhaps as deep as the boundary between the core and the mantle, and many have been active for a very long time.
地幔，这种物质可以在板块边界处下沉，然后向上回流到较远的地方，再与地壳相碰撞——这个过程被称为小规模的对流。
Mantle material can sink at a plate boundary, and then flow back upward farther away, pushing on the crust - a process called small scale convection.
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