在刑罚罚则及刑罚的具体运用上，也缺乏可以依据的共同的原则。
In the application of penalty, there is no common principle to base on.
在刑罚进化的不同历史时期，累犯制度设立的理论根据也各有不同。
In the different periods of the historical evolution of punishment, the fundamental theories based on the regulation of recidivist are different.
在刑罚中，即体现为关于刑罚权的前提根据、式根据和实质根据的认识。
It is embodied, in penalty, as cognition of the bases of precondition, modality and substance.
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