土石方开挖(earth-rock excavation)是将土和岩石进行松动、 破碎、 挖掘并运出的工程。按岩土性质,土石方开挖分土方开挖和石方开挖。按施工环境是露天、地下或水下,分为明挖、洞挖和水下开挖。在水利工程中,土石方开挖广泛应用于场地平整和削坡,水工建筑物(水闸、 坝、 溢洪道、水电站厂房、泵站建筑物等)地基开挖,地下洞室(水工隧洞、地下厂房、各类平洞、竖井和斜井)开挖,河道、渠道、港口开挖及疏浚,填筑材料、建筑石料及混凝土骨料开采,围堰等临时建筑物或砌石、混凝土结构物的拆除等。
探讨了土石方开挖的主要技术问题,并提出作者的见解。
The main problems of the earth and rock excavation is discussed and the writer's opinions put forward.
着重说明海水泵房临海的大围堰工程是厂区土石方开挖和厂房施工的先决条件之一。
The fact that the project of big cofferdam facing the ocean for the pump room is one of prerequisites for the site earthwork and the building constructions was significanthy shown in the paper.
秦山三期重水堆工程厂区土石方开挖为两座与秦山相连的山体,华湘公司承担该项工程任务。
The earth and rock excavation of the plant area of the 3rd heavy water reactor project of Qinshan nuclear power plant was of two hill-bodies linked up with Qinshan hill and Huaxiang Co.
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