由于实际系统固有的非线性、复杂性及不确定性，建立系统的模型通常是困难的。
However, due to the inherent nonlinearity, complexity and uncertainty of the accurate system, it is usually difficult to obtain an accurate mathematic model.
开关功率放大器由于开关变换器本身固有的非线性，失真通常大于传统的线性放大器。
The distortion introduced by switching power amplifier is typically larger than in their liner counterparts due to intrinsic nonlinearity of switching converter.
污水处理过程固有的非线性、时变性特征对传感器的可靠性、适应性提出了很高的要求。
The reliability and adaptability are highly requested for transducers used for sewage treatment process because of its non-linear and time varying characteristics.
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