很多研究员都指责案例对照法不是展现因果关系直接有力的方法，尤其因为它受制于大量的记忆误差。

Many researchers fault case-control work as being a weak method for showing direct causality, especially because it is subject to substantial recall bias.

youdao

UML Sequence Diagram视图中存在一系列的因果依赖事件，这些事件定义为方法实体和出口，也包括外部调用和返回调用(见图20)。

The UML sequence Diagram view presents a sequence of causal dependent events, where events are defined as method entries and exits, as well as outbound calls and return calls (see Figure 20).

youdao

他攻击的东西和我关系太密切了，他没有提出任何补救方法，也没有提出表明因果关系的证据。

He is attacking something too close to me, he has no remedy in mind and no evidence of causal links.

youdao

One way of thinking about the metaphor of city and soul together is to think of it as a particular kind of causal hypothesis, about the formation of both individual character and political institutions.

思考城市与灵魂结合的方法,是将其想象成,是一种特别类型的,因果假说，关于形塑,个人性格与政治制度。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选