...初级序列,引起基因突变,使单个细胞或少量细胞发生永久性的、不可逆的遗传性改变,此种细胞称为“启动细胞”(initiated cell),诱发细胞突变的因素称为启动剂。
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因此应用药物促使肿瘤启动细胞凋亡程序,就成为抗肿瘤治疗的一个有意义与希望的研究领域。
Therefore a meaningful and hopeful field of anti-tumor treatment study is applying medicine to start the tumor cell apoptosis process.
由于病毒可能会意外地启动细胞本身含有的致癌基因,因此这种方法生成的干细胞用在患者身上就不够安全。
Because the virus could accidentally switch on cancer genes, the cells would not be safe enough to use in patients.
然后,他们复制DNA信息块,让它们在酵母细胞中自行组合,几个小时后就看到了一个生物体“启动生长”。
They then printed the DNA in chunks, allowed the pieces to self-assemble in a yeast cell and witnessed an organism "boot up" after a few hours.
It might be a plasmid that contains a promoter that works in lung cells and that has the cystic fibrosis gene.
这个质粒带有,可以在肺细胞表达的启动子和正常基因
We'll talk more about promoters as they go on, for now let's just assume that we have a promoter that works in this particular cell.
我们以后还会谈到更多有关启动子的知识,而现在就假设这个,特定的宿主细胞里有个启动子
It also has to have a promoter for the gene that the cells can recognize.
另外还必须带有,受体细胞能够识别的启动子
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