* 经皮肾造廔取石术（Percutaneous nephrolithotomy，PCNL）：在背部做一个小廔管穿过皮肤直达肾脏，再由内视镜用来粉碎并移除结石。 * 开刀手术：现在已很少用。
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...腹腔镜胆囊切除术成为胆囊良性疾病手术治疗的金标准以后，腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE)也逐渐取代传统的开腹胆总管探查术，成为治疗胆总管结石有效的手术方法［1］。
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经皮肾镜取石术 PCNL ; percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; PNL ; percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
经皮肾镜碎石取石术 PCNL ; Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy ; percutaneous nephrostolithotomy ; mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
微创经皮肾穿刺取石术 MPCNL ; minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
输尿管切开取石术 ureterolithotomy
微创经皮肾镜取石术 MPCNL ; minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
经皮肾取石术 PCNL ; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
经皮肾穿刺取石术 percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; PCNL
胆总管切开取石术 Choledocholithotomy ; LCTD ; laparoscopic common bile duct exploration ; laparoscopic choledocholithotomy T-tube drainage
切开取石术 RLU ; RPUL ; retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy ; RLUL
目的评价经肾窦肾盂切开取石术治疗鹿角型结石的疗效。
Objective To evaluate the effects of intrasinusal pyelolithotomy for the removal staghorn stone.
目的探讨后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术的适应证、技术要点及临床价值。
Objective to explore the technique and clinical value of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of upper ureter calculi.
方法采用肾盂背侧肾实质切开取石术治疗巨大鹿角形肾结石患者78例。
Methods 78 patients with giant staghorn calculi were treated by incision of renal posterior lip and pyelolithotomy.
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