一旦大型发行机构合并，芯片成本应该就会下降。

Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.

youdao

如果有人用你的信用卡诈骗，受打击的不是你，而是信用卡发行机构或商家。

If someone uses your credit card fraudulently, it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit.

youdao

如果有人欺诈使用了你的信用卡，受打击的不是你，而是信用卡发行机构或商家。

If someone uses your credit card fraudulently, it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit．

youdao

They deal with, principally, state and local governments who are issuing bonds to raise money for their activities, like New Haven, for example, or any other state or local government.

他们主要与,州和当地政府打交道,这些政府机构通过发行债券筹资,例如纽黑文市,或者其他的州,或者其他的当地政府

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选