同时多年冻土抑制水分向深层土壤的下渗，增加了径流深度和蒸腾发强度。

Ever frozen ground prevents water from infiltrating to deep layer, which increases the depth of runoff and intensity of transpiration.

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在钢琴最初出现的18世纪早期，铁被用于制造琴丝，但是这种材料的张力和强度限制了其在发高音时的能力，佐丹奴说。

During the piano's genesis in the early 1700s, iron was used to make music wire, but the material's tension and strength limited its ability to produce loud sound, Giordano said.

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他说，“我们可能会感受到高达4级强度的地震，就像最近每两年我们就会经历的，而5级强度的地震估计每20年发生一次。”

"We can expect to see quakes up to magnitude 4 - such as the recent ones we've experienced - every two years," Prof Sandiford said. "magnitude 5 quakes can be expected every 20 years."

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