这种反对乱丢垃圾的运动的下一个问题在于它的描述性规范对其命令性规范是起反效果的。
The problem with the anti-littering campaign then is that its descriptive norm is counterproductive to its injunctive norm.
同时，社会心理学家表示通过施压来改变人的思想通常取得反效果：这使他们更拒绝改变。
Meanwhile, social psychologists have shown that pressuring people to change their minds often produces precisely the opposite of the desired effect: it makes them more resistant to change.
偶然的干预去限制房价投机买卖可能会产生反效果，因为他们阻止人们去建更多的房子。
Sporadic interventions to limit house-price speculation may even be counterproductive because they discourage people from building more homes.
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