双倍体是正常植物孢子体的染色体数，亦称孢子体染色体数。
adj. amphiploid
大多数动物是双倍体，但也有全单倍体或雄性单倍体(如蜜蜂和蚂蚁)物种被报道。
Most animals are diploid, but haploid-only and male-haploid (such as honeybee and ant) species have been described.
大部分的双倍体基因在早期经历了重要的不严格的选择阶段，在这个时期他们的模式片段以有效的，不确定的方式进化。
Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period.
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