The fourth chapter is a historical comparison of the system of terms of respect and modesty of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
第四章是明清敬谦语的历时比较。
参考来源 - 明清敬谦语研究The third chapter: historical compare.
第三章:历时比较。
参考来源 - 灵川县定江土话语音研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
采用共时描写与历时比较相结合的方法。
Both synchronic description and diachronic comparison have been applied in this article.
主要着眼于共时分析，也注意历时比较。
And it lays stress on synchronic analyses as well as diachronic comparison.
在共时研究基础上，兼顾历时比较，选取唐、宋、元、明的代表文献与《儿女英雄传》作纵向对比。
In synchronic research-based, taking into account lasted for comparison, select the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and the representatives of literature and the ErNvYinXiongZhuan for longitudinal comparison.
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