福勒等人认为，以往语言研究的主要缺陷，在于把语言与社会割裂开来，忽视了语篇、事件及其过程的社会历史场景。

They think that the major shortcomings of linguistic study are to isolate language from society, neglecting the historical and social background of events and processes.

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文学语篇的语言具有社会历史性的特点，文学语篇的理解要求读者的语言学知识。

Since the language of characters in literary works is social and historical, the reading of literary works invites readers' social knowledge of these languages.

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