也就是说生产理论建立在这样的前提下，即我们可以通过人们的选择来间接衡量人们的喜好。

That is, consumer theory isbased on the premise that we can infer what people like from the choices they make.

youdao

但金融史中充斥着泡沫和崩盘，也就是说，极端事件(即所谓的“肥尾”)发生的频率要远大于钟形曲线所预计的。

But financial history is littered with bubbles and crashes, demonstrating that extreme events or so-called "fat tails" occur far more often than the bell curve predicts.

youdao

因此他们说，既然BBC “还没有坏”，也就是说BBC还没有垮掉(即还没有破产)，那么为什么要这么麻烦地去改变它呢？

The BBC "ain't broke", they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word 'broke', meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?

youdao

That is to say as a reward for bravery, exhibited bravery, the hero should be allowed to kiss anyone they like while they are on patrol, male or female.

这也就是说,勇敢的奖赏，意即展现出的勇敢，英雄应被允许在他们执行侦察时,亲任何人的嘴，无论是男是女。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

Conversely, if you think the goalie's going to shoot to the right with probability more than a ?, then the best you can do is represented by the pink line, and that's shooting to the left, or if you think the goalie's going to dive to the right with the probability more than a ?, the best you can do, your best response is to shoot to the left.

相反如果你认为门将扑向右侧的概率,大于?的情况下,此时你最佳策略用粉线表示,即从左路射门,也就是说如果你觉得门将扑向右路的,概率大于?的话,你最好选择从左路射门

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选