随着文学的“泛化”和大众文化研究的兴起，文艺学科面临着危机与挑战。

Along with the "generalization" of literature and the emergence of the study of popular culture, the discipline of literary theory is faced with crisis and challenge.

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当然，这种努力是伴随着挑战和挫折的，但特别感人的是土耳其在2001年金融危机之后的复苏与强劲的增长。

Of course there have been challenges and setbacks along the way but what has been particularly impressive has been Turkey's recovery and strong growth since the financial crisis in 2001.

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两国为应对国际金融危机、气候变化等共同挑战保持了有效协调与合作。

Both sides have maintained effective coordination and cooperation to tackle common challenges, including the international financial crisis and climate change.

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