在第一章中我们给出了本文所需用的一些基本定义，以及给出了有关投射模、IF环和半单环等的一些重要已知结论。
In chapter one, we provide some basic known definitions and important conclusions of projective modules, IF rings and semi-simple rings, and so on, which are needed in the paper.
本文在引入半环概念的基础上，介绍半环同态、同余关系、单同余半环等概念，讨论两个同态半环之间单同余性质的关系。
This paper introduces the concept of semirings, homomorphism of semirings and congruence simple semirings, discusses the relation between two semirings.
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