第五章探讨菩萨信仰在北朝晚期山东地区流行的现象及原因等问题。
The fifth chapter discusses the prevailing phenomena and reasons of Bodhisattvas belief during the late Northern dynasties in Shandong region.
安阳地区出土的间伯异墓志，以珍贵的民族历史文物透露出北朝晚期拓跋王朝与柔然民族结缘通好、相互孽乳的历史动态。
The unearthed epitaph in Anyang with its precious cultural relic showed the historical trend that Tuoba Dynasty linked with Rouran nationality.
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