研究人员通过观测被称为泥炭丘的小丘来测量永冻带边界北退的程度，泥炭丘是在北部泥炭沼泽含冰的土壤上自然形成的。

The researchers measured the retreat of the permafrost border byobserving hummocks known as "palsas, " which form naturally over icecontained in the soil of northern peat bogs.

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智利北部有一个叫丘恩贡果的小村子，这里西临太平洋，北靠阿塔卡玛沙漠。

There is a small village named XXXX in the north of Republic of Chile, with the Pacific Ocean on its west and Atacama Desert on its north.

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