类似的研究测试了学生是通过阅读纯文本，还是通过在阅读纯文本的同时观看图片能更好地学习基本的物理和化学概念，结果发现每个人都在观看图片的情况下做得更好。

Similar studies tested whether students learned basic physics and chemistry concepts better by reading plain text or viewing pictures too and everyone do better with the help of pictures.

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在这种情况下，老化必须根据物理化学和热力学定律进行。

Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics.

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对的，它只是摩尔数，乘以每种情况的化学势。

Right, it's just a number of moles times the chemical potential in each case.

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In those cases, though, you'd have quite a reasonable equilibrium, spontaneously that is there would be a lot of reaction that went if you simply started under practical conditions and let it go.

你也会得到平衡，尽管在这种情况下你得到了一个,自发的，合理的平衡,这是在正常条件下进行的,许多化学反应的情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And there are lots of solutions that chemists come up with -- there's always new techniques that allow us to do this, and these are just some of the first, and we'll go through them in a little bit of detail here.

的情况下研究或者发现它们,化学家们想出了很多的办法,人们发明新的技术来实现它，这些是最早遇到的一些问题，我们要稍微来,研究下它们的细节。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I know it's possible to induce chemical reactions, but these are exceptions. This is not the norm.

我知道催化化学反应是可能的，但是那些是特例，不是常规情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选