从中间包绝热板的配方、制造技术和装砌等方面采取改进措施，可有效减少铸坯皮下气泡。

Some improvement in insulating board composition, in shaping process and lining technology can effectively reduce the skin hole.

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也有包由浇注料代替耐火砖砌筑）。

There are also ladles with a concrete lining instead of brick lining.

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计算结果表明：整体浇注式包底的应力水平比砌筑式包底的高；

Calculation results indicate:the thermal stress of bottom structured of brick is higher than that structured of castable;

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