有效的倾听包括听见、观察及回应；这是一个复杂的过程，要求感知、心理及行为各方面都能胜任。

Competent listening involves hearing, observing, and responding; it's a complex process that requires sensory, mental, and behavioural competence.

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然后，从三个方面对频谱感知进行了研究，包括频谱感知要求，频谱感知功能和频谱感知方案。

Then, three aspects of spectrum sensing are studied, including sensing requirements, sensing function and sensing plan.

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