对于约束运动中的功和能，目前均采用具体分析和计算约束力所作功的方法来处理。
At present work and energy in confined motion are treated with the method of work done by confined force which is analysed and calculated.
针对动生电动势等于洛仑兹力所作的功的问题，定量证明在动生电动势中洛仑兹力并不作功，并得出洛仑兹力永不作功的结论．。
To answer the question whether Lorentz force does work or not in the case of electromotive force, it is proved that Lorentz force does no work in electromotive force.
讨论滑动摩擦力作功，说明了滑动摩擦力可以使刚体的平动动能和转动动能之间相互转换，但总是作负功。
It is pointed out that translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy mutually transferred by sliding friction force, but it only has positive acting.
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