美国研究人员最近发现了通过分析地震发生之初的前几秒的震波大小，便可以断定出地震最终强度的方法，从而为未来总有一天能够早些提供地震警报迈出了一步。

Scientists have found a way to estimate an earthquake's ultimate strength by analyzing the initial seconds of a rupture -- a step that could one day provide early earthquake warning.

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对于层状介质，油藏变化前后的地震波传播路经比较复杂，其激发点和接受点发生了变化，要想用叠前远偏移距数据直接计算垂直时差比较困难。

But to layered strata, the seismic wave path is complicated when reservoir changes, and it is difficult to directly define vertical time difference by pre stack far offset seismic data.

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