目的观察上颌第二前磨牙的牙根及根管形态。
Objective To investigate the root and canal morphology of extracted maxillary second premolars.
结论：上颌第一前磨牙的根管类型相对复杂。
Conclusions: The roots of maxillary first premolars possesses a variety of canal system types.
目的：研究离体下颌前磨牙的牙根及根管形态。
Objective: To investigate the root and canal morphology of extracted mandibular premolars.
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