方法：进行一项评价制动器械对刹车时间影响的前瞻性观察性研究。
METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted to assess the effect of the immobilization devices on braking times.
该研究旨在探讨左足驾驶适配器固定、踝关节运动控制器械固定和小腿石膏固定对刹车时间的影响。
This study sought to investigate the effect of immobilization with a left-foot driving adapter, a controlled-ankle-motion device, and a short leg cast on braking times.
背景：安全驾驶中常需紧急制动，一般用总刹车反应时间、反应时间和刹车时间来反映驾驶员紧急制动的能力。
BACKGROUND: The ability to perform an emergency stop is essential for safe driving and can be represented by total brake-response time, reaction time, and braking time.
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