林肯发表了于1863年生效的《解放宣言》后，人们清楚地看到北方的胜利将意味着奴隶制的结束。

After Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that took effect on January 1, 1863, it became clear that northern victory would mean the end of slavery.

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然而，三年制毕业生可以更早地进入就业市场，这样就比其他人多赚了一年薪水。

Three-year graduates, though, can enter the job market sooner. That adds another year of wages to their lifetime earnings.

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跟1970年时四年制大学毕业生中只有40%是女性相比，这是一个显著的变化。

Note the radical change since 1970 when women received only 40 % of the degrees from four-year colleges.

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