如果在上游发现了问题，或者如果我们停止生产产品，由于在制品库存，报废率会更高。

If something wrong is found upstream, or if we stop building the product, the scrap will be higher due to the in-process inventory.

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中国的钢铁库存已经增加，因钢铁用户在钢铁制品需求萎靡不振之际不愿买进。

Steel inventories in China have swelled as users remain reluctant to buy more steel in light of dodgy demand for products made from steel.

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看板的目的是通过确保只有当下游工序需要时上游工序才生产零部件，进而最大限度地减少工序(process)之间的在制品(Work - In - process, WIP)或者库存。

Kanban's aim is to minimize WIP (Work-In-Process), or inventory, between processes by making sure that the upstream process produces parts only if its downstream process needs it.

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