在对外汉语教学过程中，学习者会出现多种汉语理解和表达障碍，这时准确地判断障碍及其成因，将为有效地排除障碍打下良好的基础。
In the course of teaching Chinese as a second language, we often find learners have much difficulty in understanding Chinese and in expression themselves.
尊崇共和制的人士对人民的个性和判断同样很信任，但却是有限的，他们树立起各种制度和障碍，提高人民的素质，引导人民的判断。
The believers in a republic have large but limited faith in the character and judgment of the people and erect institutions and barriers to improve that character and guide that judgment.
他们也显示出记忆、解决问题和判断方面的认知障碍，且与120公里外较清洁城市的同龄儿童相比，他们还有嗅觉缺陷。
They also exhibit cognitive impairments in memory, problem solving and judgment and deficiencies in their sense of smell compared with age-matched children from a cleaner city 120 kilometers away.
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