刑具指进行拷讯、拘禁罪犯和执行肉刑时使用的器械，使受刑者在肉体上受到极大的痛苦与摧残。 中国古代的刑具与刑罚同时产生，并随着刑罚的变化而变化。无论国内或国外，古代的刑具种类都很多，而且有针对手足、头颈、腰背等不同部位的刑具，还有全身性的和专对女性用的刑具。
该部分证明了管制刑具有深厚的历史基础。
It focused on the historical base on which public surveillance brought and grown.
金融诈骗犯罪是数额犯，其犯罪数额对本类犯罪的定罪量刑具有重要意义。
The crime of financial fraud is the crime of amount, because the crime amount, large or small, is very significant to the measurement of penalty.
因此，研究共同犯罪与身份的关系，对于共同犯罪的定性与量刑具有十分重要的意义。
Therefore, the research on joint offence and the identity relation is quite significant for determining the kind of crime and the measurement of penalty.
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