本文将蜗壳看作沿转轮四周连续分流的分叉管系统，应用水力瞬变中的叉管理论推出一种能计及蜗壳各断面水锤效应，并使仿真计算更接近实际情况的新方法。
The present work considers the spiral case as branch-off pipe system that diverts part of the flow consecutively as it goes around the periphery of the runner.
方法选择隐裂、根折或根分叉病变患者，对欲保留牙根进行根管治疗后，行半牙切除术。
Methods Hemisections were performed on reserved canals of incomplete tooth fracture, complete root fracture and furcation involvement after root canal therapy.
方法：选择牙根分叉较大的磨牙残冠残根，经完善根管充填后，制作分体栓道式铸造桩核，然后精密铸造金属全冠修复。
Methods: The residual crown and root of large furcation molars by full root-fill were chosen. Then casting anatomy bolt post-core molars are restored with finely casting full crowns.
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