在研究玉米的基因构成时，芭芭拉·麦克林托克发现了一种新的突变基因，这一发现使人们对细胞分化有了更深入的了解。

While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.

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成骨细胞分化所需的第二个重要转录因子是一种具有锌指结构的，对骨形成十分重要的转录因子。

A second important transcription factor required for osteoblastic differentiation is osterix.

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利用血液去培育干细胞获得成功以后，朱敏设法诱导它们分化成三种细胞系：先是骨骼和软骨细胞，然后是肌细胞，再是神经元。

Using blood to nourish and grow the stem cells, Zhu managed to induce them to differentiate into three lineages: first bone and cartilage, then muscle, and then neuron.

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To find stem cells that they can move from one kind of pathway to another.

去找那些能够,从一种分化途径转到另一种的干细胞

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Now, you'll hear reports in the literature, you'll look in the newspaper, you'll hear about scientists that have found ways to trans-differentiate cells, that is move them from one pathway to the other.

如今,你通过听文献讲座,看报纸,会听说科学家们已经发现了,转分化细胞的方法,即把这些细胞从一种分化途径转到另一种

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Red blood cells are terminally differentiated cells.

血红细胞是一种终末分化细胞

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