尤其是像你们这样具有挑战性的题目：导致社会学作为一门学科出现的因素。
Especially with a challenging topic like yours: factors leading to the emergence of sociology as an academic discipline.
大学本科的唯一好处是，它的知识比较具有普遍性，因而使你获得有关各种各样题目的不错的资讯组合。
The only benefit of your undergraduate degree is that it was fairly general so you managed to get a nice array of information for a variety of topics.
有的教授喜欢用抽查的方法来考试，就是从文章中问你一个具有代表性的问题，然后推测在剩下的题目中你大概能做得怎么样。
Some professors like to test by sampling—that is, by asking you about a representative part of the issue, then assuming that you could do as well about the rest.
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