在夏天时其树皮将被剥下，晒干并用于熬汁，抽取液体，制成粉末、药片及酊剂之用。

The bark is removed throughout the summer and dried for use in decoctions, liquid extracts, powders, tablets and tinctures.

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药鼠李树原产北美洲西北部的一种药鼠李树（珀希鼠李鼠李属），其树皮是药鼠李皮剂的原料。

A buckthorn(Rhamnus purshiana) native to northwest North America, the bark of which is the source of cascara sagrada.

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对蝙蝠最严重的威胁来自对其栖息地的彻底破坏，特别是对老林区的砍伐，威胁最大。老林区的树洞或树皮内，是蝙蝠赖以栖息的地方。

The most significant threat to bats is habitat clearance, particularly the removal of the old forest wood where they roost in hollows or under the bark of trees.

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