共轴球面系统是指由一个或多个折射或反射球面组成的光学系统。在这种系统中所有表面的中心都在一直线上，即所有表面对此直线是旋转对称的。这一直线也就是此系统的公共轴，或称为光轴，共轴球面系统也由此得名。
本文介绍了矩阵方法在共轴球面系统折射光学计算中的应用。
Application of matrix method to calculation of refraction shows a great deal of advantage.
计算了一个非球面非共轴无焦系统的波动光学传递函数。
The Optical Transfer Function of an afocal aspherical and non-coaxial optical system is also calculated.
该方法基于共轴球面光学系统的成像原理，通过读数显微镜对吸入待测液体后毛细管的焦点位置进行单一参数的测量，进而计算出待测液体的折射率。
The refractive index was obtained through measuring the focal position of a capillary filled with the liquid by a reading microscope, and doing a calculation with an analytic formula.
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