自然的公有权，被私有化的知识财产的公有权，遗传生物学的公有权。

The Commons of nature. The Commons of what is privatized by intellectual property. The Commons of biogenetics.

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提出了一种改进的角色层次模型用于改善RBAC96，并提出一些新的概念，比如：公有权限、私有权限和继承范围。

An improved role hierarchy model is introduced against the drawback of RBAC96; some new concepts such as public permission, private permission and scope of inheritance are presented in the model.

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公有领域是指任何个人或团体都不具有其所有权的知识财产。 版权到期的作品，或者创作者公开放弃所有权的作品自动进入公有领域。

Works are part of the public domain when their copyright expires or when the artist designates the work as such.

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