通过误差矩阵和模具的工作特性函数反求输入控制量是加工高精度的自由曲面光学镜所面临的难题。
It is a difficult problem to solve the inputted data when the matrix of error data and the working characteristics of the tool are known in precision machining.
我们很难发现这类天体，更不用说用光学望远镜研究它们了。
We have trouble discovering those sorts of bodies, much less studying them using just optical telescopes.
从一端到另一端，银河系布满星星的圆盘横跨12万光年，可以用肉眼和光学望远镜观察到。
From end to end, the Milky Way's starry disk, observable with the naked eye and through optical telescopes, spans 120,000 light-years.
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