尽管我们可以有意识地控制我们的呼吸模式和其他身体反应，但是我们的决大多数先天反应是对我们的生存有利的。

Although we can consciously control our breathing patterns and other bodily responses, most of our preprogrammed responses are conducive to our survival.

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但想要分清这些反应是先天本能，还是后天习得可不是那么容易。

But it is difficult to say if these reactions are instinctive or learnt.

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适应性免疫被认为是对具体的细菌，病毒，真菌和寄生虫的反应，而先天免疫一向被认为是身体对所有致病威胁的一般反应。

Whereas adaptive immunity is thought to be a response to specific bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, innate immunity has always been seen as the body's general response to all threats of disease.

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One kind of response is called the innate response and innate means that it's present from the beginning.

其中之一称为先天性免疫反应,先天的意思是生来就有的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In fact, the people who have been most important in understanding how the innate immune system works are people here at Yale.

事实上 在研究先天免疫系统,反应机理中,最重要的科学家就在耶鲁

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

But innate responses are there from the very beginning and they can fight foreign--against foreign pathogens immediately.

但是先天免疫反应与生俱来,可以迅速同外源病原体展开斗争

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选