元件失效 (Component failure) 一个被测试的元件不符合一项或多项规定的静态或动态参数数据。 关于元件的静态参数是在非功能状态下（备品）的必要条件。
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我们引进了三个新概念，即广义转移概率，关键元件和失效风险。
Three new concepts, namely a generalized transition probability, the key component, and the failure risk, are introduced.
根据扩展原理，系统失效的最大可能度可由系统中各元件的失效可能度求得。
The maximum possibility of system failure is determined from the possibility of failure of each component within the system according to the extension principle.
串联可修系统的特点是串联元件中任一部分失效都可导致系统失效。
The characteristic of the series repairable system is that failure of any part of the series elements may cause failure of the whole system.
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