一个令人惊奇的发现是怀孕也有保护效应，因为许多表明保护作用的激素和生长因子信号基因也有表达。

A surprising finding was evidence of a protective effect of pregnancy as well, since the expression of many hormone and growth factor signaling genes suggests protection.

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这些发现显示高危险炎症和保护性激素信号基因表达之间的平衡可最终决定一个女性乳腺癌的风险，她说。

These findings indicate that a balance between high risk inflammatory and protective hormone signaling gene expression may ultimately determine a woman's individual breast cancer risk, she said.

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如今，她们正试图弄清楚哪些分子信号转导过程激活了复苏植物的种子发育基因，以及如何将其复制到农作物上。

Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops.

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When they make milk they have signals for turning on the betagalactoglobulin promoter and expressing the gene of interest.

泌乳的时候,β-乳球蛋白启动子受信号调控而开启,目的基因得以表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

There are molecules in cells that give the DNA the signal that it's time to transcribe and express a gene, those are called transcription factors, we'll talk about them a bit later.

在细胞中有些分子能够,给DNA发出信号告诉它,是时候转录和表达某基因了,这些分子叫做转录因子,晚些时候我们会讲它们

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选