但不同于目前的研究，其中涉及学校之间的排名竞争中，以前的研究没有涉及到竞争对手预先存在的现实世界中的地位构成威胁。
But unlike the current study, which involved competition between ranked schools, the earlier studies did not involve a threat to the competitors' preexisting real-world status.
清单7中的代码只是用户在以前调用时提供的值预先填充Edit Settings对话框。
The code in Listing 7 simply pre-populates the Edit Settings dialog with values supplied by the user from any previous invocation.
以前，这种弹性有其局限性：WebSphere Virtual Enterprise只能在供其使用的一组预先静态定义的节点上启动新jvm。
In the past, this elasticity had its limits in that WebSphere Virtual Enterprise could only start up new JVMs on a group of nodes statically defined ahead of time for its use.
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