以识别信息的方向从参与者到出现在最接近顶部的一个类或者实例为开始。
Start by identifying the message arrow that moves from the actor to a class or instance that appears closest to the top.
企业管理倾向于以企业为中心。企业管理者也认为每一个计划，行动方向必须从管理层开始，自上而下一级一级地实施下来。
Management tends to be 'corporate-centred' and thinks that every piece of planning and direction has to start at the top and be 'cascaded down', hierarchically.
丰田公司从1994年开始设计普锐斯。在当时以用户为中心的分析以及市场数据试图将汽车制造商带入一个不同的方向：重的，耗油的SUV车。
Toyota started to design the Prius in 1994, when user-centered analysis and market data were pulling auto manufacturers in a different direction: toward heavy, gas-guzzling SUVs.
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