...的基础上提出了职业承诺的四维结构模型 假设,包括情感承诺(affeetive),规范承诺(normative),代价承诺(accumulated cost) 和机会承诺(1imited altermatives),并开发了24项目量表。通过研究,验证了假设, 并对量表进行了修正。
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他说,这是作为公民的代价和承诺。
事实上,正是因为意识到对于员工承诺的代价过于昂贵才导致近年来老板们渐渐放弃采用最后薪资养老金计划,而把风险完全转嫁到普通的员工身上。
Indeed, it was the realisation of how expensive that promise had become that led to many employers abandoning final-salary pension schemes in recent years, thereby passing the risk on to workers.
现在希腊有必要承诺仿效爱尔兰大幅削减公共部门工资,以确保在可以接受的代价之下为自己提供资金。
A pledge to follow Ireland's example in making substantial cuts to public-sector wages may now be necessary to ensure Greece can fund itself at reasonable cost.
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