1950年，美国外科医生怀尔德•潘菲尔德用一个电极直接刺激在手术过程中仍清醒的成百上千个癫痫病人大脑中的特定部位。
In the 1950s American neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield used an electrode to directly stimulate spots on the brains of hundreds of epilepsy patients while they were awake during operations.
1939年的一天，在一次手术中他划破了手指，但他没有处理伤口，仍继续工作。
One day in 1939, he cut his finger during an operation, but he continued his work without treating it.
但是，一些内科医生仍对该手术方法的实际清洁程度持怀疑态度。
But some physicians wonder how clean the procedure can actually be.
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