无论是人、鸟还是猪，作为宿主都能为流感病毒提供接触、交换遗传物质和形成新病毒的场所。

The host, whether it is a person, bird, or pig, provides a place for influenzas to make contact, exchange genetic material, and form new viruses.

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我们正在研究一种很少人知晓的共生互动关系，在这种关系中，细菌保护其宿主免受病原体侵害，而不是那种更为常见的为其提供营养方面。

We are studying one of the few known symbiotic interactions in which the bacterial partner defends its host against pathogens — rather than providing a nutritional benefit, which is more common.

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该州反对派领导人曾呼吁扑杀该病毒的自然宿主——蝙蝠。

The state opposition leader had called for a cull of bats, the virus natural host.

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In this case here, you're generating host cells, cytotoxic T-cells, that can kill only very specific cells, cells that are expressing this foreign antigen.

而在这个例子中,人产生宿主细胞,即细胞毒性T细胞,它只会消灭特定的细胞,也就是携带特定异己抗原的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If you take an organ from one person and put it in another, if their MHC molecules don't match then the immune system recognizes the immune system of the host recognizes 'this is not the right MHC for me' and the immune tries to destroy those cells.

如果将器官从一个人移植到另一个人,免疫系统识别出MHC分子并不匹配,宿主的免疫系统就会说,这不是我的MHC,免疫系统就会试着摧毁移植器官的细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选