这些衍生品的合约规定，当一批被列入好几个高收益(即垃圾)指数的公司发生亏损时，伯克希尔-哈撒威需要履行其付款义务。
These derivatives require Berkshire to pay when losses occur at companies that are included in several high-yield, or junk, indexes.
上证综合指数继前一交易日中3%的下跌之后在8月31日再次下跌6.7%(这时后半周亏损的原因之一)。
The Shanghai Composite Index dropped by 6.7% on August 31st after falling 3% on the previous trading day (it made up some of the loss later in the week).
受幸存者偏见的影响，人们估算出的这个行业的收益数据被夸大了：亏损的基金不被记入指数内。
Measured returns for the sector were boosted by survivor bias: failed funds ceased to be counted in the indices.
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