比之明代，清代的选官制度有了较大改变。

Compared with the Ming dynasty, the system of selecting officials in Qing dynasty had a big change.

youdao

明代（1368—1644年）以前，印章只是实用品，是人们在交往过程中表明身份的凭信工具。图为汉代的“皇后之玺”。

Before the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), seals were generally made for practical uses such as identification. The Empress' Seal of the Han Dynasty.

youdao

流入的白银必然需要等值的商品来交换，因此对明代社会冲击很大，大量生产获取白银之商品。

The inflow silver needs the equivalent the commodity to exchange inevitably, therefore attacks very in a big way to the Ming Dynasty society, the mass productions gain commodity of the silver.

youdao