2005年之前，最常见的策略是义务农村服务契约和强制性农村服务作为进入研究生课程学习的优先条件。

Before 2005, the most common strategy was compulsory rural service bonds and mandatory rural service for preferential admission into post-graduate programmes.

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然而需要提的是，这样的合约是社会性义务而不具有法律强制性，所以贷款人必须信任他们借钱的人，或者冒着全盘损失的风险。

It should be noted however, that the agreement is a social obligation rather than a legal one, so lenders have to trust who they are loaning their money too, or risk losing it all.

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民事责任的归责是指民事行为人违反法定义务或约定义务后，依什么为根据来使行为人承担强制性的不利后果。

The imputation of civil liability refers to criterion decision by which the party must undertake responsibility for all the serious consequences arising from the violation of legal obligation.

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